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Note: This draft standard is under development and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.Please read this Accessibility Standards Canada (ASC) legal notice before using this draft standard. ,

3.1 Legal notice for standards

The Canadian Accessibility Standards Development Organization (operating as “Accessibility Standards Canada”) standards are developed through a consensus-based standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus and develop standards.Although Accessibility Standards Canada administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the content of the standards. During this process, Accessibility Standards Canada makes the draft standard available for comment, review, and approval. ,

3.2 Understanding this edition of the draft standard

Revisions may have been or may eventually be developed in relation to this edition of the draft standard. It is the responsibility of the users of this document to verify if any revisions exist. ,

3.3 Disclaimer and exclusion of liability

This is a draft document for the purpose of comment, review, and approval only. This document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, implied warranties or conditions concerning this document's fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringement of any third party's intellectual property rights. Accessibility Standards Canada does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any of the information published in this document. Accessibility Standards Canada makes no representations or warranties regarding this document's compliance with any applicable statute, rule, regulation or combination thereof. Users of this document should consult applicable federal, provincial, and municipal laws and regulations. Accessibility Standards Canada does not, by the publication of its standards documents intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and this document may not be construed as doing so.In no event shall accessibility standards Canada, its contractors, agents, employees, directors, or officers, or his majesty the king in right of Canada, his employees, contractors, agents, directors, or officers be liable for any direct, indirect, or incidental damages, injury, loss, costs, or expenses, however caused, including but not limited to special or consequential damages, lost revenue, business interruption, lost or damaged data, or any other commercial or economic loss, whether based in contract, tort (including negligence), or any other theory of liability, arising out of or resulting from access to or possession or use of this document, even if accessibility standards Canada or any of them have been advised of the possibility of such damages, injury, loss, costs, or expenses.In publishing and making this document available, Accessibility Standards Canada is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is directed to those who have the appropriate degree of knowledge and experience to use and apply its contents, and Accessibility Standards Canada accepts no responsibility whatsoever arising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document.Accessibility Standards Canada publishes voluntary standards and related documents. Accessibility Standards Canada has no power, nor does it undertake, to enforce conformance with the contents of the standards or other documents published by Accessibility Standards Canada. ,

3.4 Intellectual property and ownership

As between Accessibility Standards Canada and users of this document (whether it be printed, electronic, or alternate form), Accessibility Standards Canada is the owner, or the authorized licensee, of all copyright and moral rights contained herein. Additionally, Accessibility Standards Canada is the owner of its official mark. Without limitation, the unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document may violate laws that protect Accessibility Standards Canada and/or others' intellectual property and may give rise to a right in Accessibility Standards Canada and/or others to seek legal redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. To the extent permitted by licence or by law, Accessibility Standards Canada reserves all intellectual property and other rights in this document. ,

3.5 Patent rights

Some elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights or pending patent applications. Accessibility Standards Canada shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly informed that determination of the existence and/or validity of any such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility. ,

3.6 Licence to comments

In this legal notice, a “comment” refers to all written or orally provided information, including all suggestions, that a user provides to Accessibility Standards Canada in relation to a standard and/or a draft standard. By providing a comment to Accessibility Standards Canada in relation to a standard and/or draft standard, the commenter grants to Accessibility Standards Canada and the Government of Canada a non-exclusive, royalty-free, perpetual, worldwide, and irrevocable licence to use, translate, reproduce, disclose, distribute, publish, modify, authorize to reproduce, communicate to the public by telecommunication, record, perform, or sublicense the comment, in whole or in part and in any form or medium, for revising the standard and/or draft standard, and/or for non-commercial purposes. By providing the comment, the commenter being the sole owner of the copyright or having the authority to license the copyright on behalf of their employer, confirms their ability to confer the licence and the commenter waives all associated moral rights, including, without limitation, all rights of attribution in respect of the comment. Where the provider of the comment is not the comment's author, the provider confirms that a waiver of moral rights by the author has been made in favour of the provider or the comment's copyright owner. At the time of providing a comment, the commenter must declare and provide a citation for any and all intellectual property within the comment that is owned by a third party. ,

3.7 Authorized uses of this document

This document, in all formats including alternate formats, is being provided by Accessibility Standards Canada for informational, educational, and non-commercial use only. The users of this document are authorized to do only the following:Load this document onto a computer for the sole purpose of reviewing it.Search and browse this document.Print this document if it is in electronic format.Users shall not and shall not permit others to:Alter this document in any way or remove this legal notice from the attached standard.Sell this document without authorization from Accessibility Standards Canada.Use this document to mislead any users of a product, process, or service addressed by this standard.If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this legal notice, you must not load or use this document or make any copies of the contents hereof. Use of this document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this legal notice.

[ Reserved for Publication ]

[ Reserved for Publication ]

6.1 Background

Accessibility Standards Canada standards incorporate related findings from research reports conducted through their Advancing Accessibility Standards Research Grants and Contributions program. This program involves persons with disabilities, experts, and organizations to advance accessibility standards research and supports research projects that help with the identification, removal, and prevention of new barriers to accessibility.This Standard is designed with a user-centred approach. Accessibility Standards Canada’s mandate states:ASC has a critical mandate to help achieve a barrier-free Canada by 2040. ASC does that by:developing accessibility standards;advancing accessibility research; andsharing information related to accessibility.These activities are aligned with the priority areas in the Act. ,

6.2 Overview

As people with disabilities are increasingly demanding a say in their self-determination, they are no longer willing to wait for assistance while others are evacuating a building. They wish to be provided with the same level of safety. This Standard is intended to be a best practice in accessibility for the evacuation of people with disabilities in federally regulated sectors as described in the Accessible Canada Act.This Standard is: recommended to be implemented by other sectors and organizations within Canada; andrecognized as addressing the needs of diverse users.This Standard provides both application and technical specifications relating to emergency egress. It has been developed by a Technical Committee composed of subject matter experts, including people with lived experience, regulators, fire and emergency personnel, architects and interested parties from industry.The Standard seeks to identify, prevent, and remove physical, systemic and attitudinal barriers both now and in the future for people with disabilities.To complement the clauses that were chosen for this draft standard, notes about definitions and sourced clauses have been added throughout. These notes highlight considerations such as the following:Evidence and justifications for why a clause was chosen or a new idea was added.Differences from other sources regarding wording and specifications.Whether alternate clause examples are available from other standards.Whether any best practices were identified for a topic.Whether any emerging trends or issues exist for a topic.Whether information comes from only one source.

The Standard focuses on the equity rights of people with disabilities.This document provides technical requirements for the safe, accessible, and inclusive evacuation of people with disabilities from buildings. The Standard:Aligns with the Accessible Canada ActRecognizes that people with disabilities have the right to an equitable level of safety and protection as othersProvides design parameters for the built environment relating to emergency egressDefines appropriate procedures and processesMitigates risks to people with disabilities, those assisting people with disabilities and emergency personnelThe Standard addresses the development of emergency evacuation strategies and processes, personal emergency evacuation plans, and accessible communication as it relates to emergency egress for people with disabilities.The Standard also includes informative annexes that aim to further inform interested parties of the issues that people with disabilities may face during an emergency, including alerting systems across Canada, evacuation devices and sample personal emergency evacuation plans (PEEP). ,

7.1 Inclusions

The requirements of this Standard shall apply to all of the following:the design, construction and occupancy of all new buildings;the alteration, major renovation (as defined by the NBC), reconstruction, relocation and occupancy of all existing buildings, including leased facilities;both site-built and factory-constructed buildings; andbuildings with single stairwells.For example, if a building is undergoing a major renovation, it is intended that this Standard be applied. The Standard’s requirements reflect best practices that may differ from approaches prescribed in an adopted building code. In the event of conflict between the Standard’s provisions and those of a referenced document, the more stringent provisions shall apply. Provisions of a referenced document do not supersede provisions of this Standard.Sprinklering of a building shall not be considered the only acceptable provision of fire safety and does not negate the need for compliance with this Standard. ,

7.2 Exclusions

Dedicated areas and paths of travel to these areas are out of scope:elevator machine rooms;service spaces (except computer service spaces);crawl spaces;attic or unoccupied roof spaces; andfloor areas of high hazard industrial occupancy (Group F, Division 1). Note: The exemption for high hazard industrial occupancies does not apply to the floor areas of other occupancies in the same building.This Standard deals primarily with the evacuation of people with disabilities. Other standards under development will address other emergency issues.The requirements of this Standard do not, currently, apply to the interior of individual dwelling units. It is anticipated that future editions of the Standard will address dwelling units.  ,

7.3 Applications

The design requirements of this Standard apply to the design of new construction and major renovations, as defined by the NBC, for the federally regulated sector. This includes all major occupancy types, including multi-unit residential buildings and leased facilities. This edition of the standard does not address individual dwelling units.The process requirements of this Standard, and all other non-design requirements, shall apply to the federally regulated sector. ,

7.4 Terminology

In this Standard, three terms are defined as follows:Shall: Expresses a requirement, or a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy to comply with the Standard.Should: Expresses a recommendation, or that which is advised but not required.May: Expresses an option, or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard.Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate explanatory or informative material.Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

This Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below: Accessible Canada ActASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19 Safety code for elevators and escalators (Binational standard with ASME A17.1)CSA/ASC B651:23 Accessible Design for the Built EnvironmentCAN/ULC-S524:2019 Installation of Fire Alarm SystemsCAN/ULC S526:2016 Visible Signal Devices for Fire Alarm SystemsCSA B355:19 Platform Lifts and Stair Lifts for Barrier-free AccessITU V.18:2000 Operational and interworking requirements for DCEs operating in the text telephone modeNational Building Code of Canada, 2020National Fire Code of Canada, 2020NFPA 105:2025 Standard for Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Operating Protections 

9.1 Definitions

The following definitions shall apply in this Standard:Accessibility — To enable people with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life. Ensures, to people with disabilities, access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transportation, to information and communications, including information and communications technologies and systems, and to other facilities and services open or provided to the public. Source: Adapted from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), Article 9 - AccessibilityAccessible — As applied to a site, building, or other facility, possessing the necessary characteristics for it to be entered, exited, and used by people with disabilities, including people with physical, sensory or cognitive disabilities.Accessible egress path of travel — The accessible route that is used as the egress route from anywhere in the building to the accessible muster point. Accessible path of travel — The accessible route within the interior or exterior environment that is without barriers. Area of refuge — Designated area within a building which has direct access to an exit, where people, unable to evacuate independently, wait temporarily for assistance to egress.Audio system — An audio system is an arrangement of components and equipment designed to capture, process, amplify, and reproduce sounds.Barrier-free — A building or system and its facilities that can be approached, entered, and exited and used by persons with physical, cognitive or sensory disabilities. Buddy — A volunteer friend, colleague or staff member that assists in accompanying, alerting, guiding and or aiding a person to safely exit a building in an emergency.Building — A structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy. Built environment — External and internal environments and any element, component or fitting that is commissioned, designed, constructed and managed for use by people.Disability — Any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Source: Accessible Canada ActEmergency — An incident or set of incidents that require responsive actions to protect life, injury, property, the environment, and/or critical systems. Emergency services — Organizations that respond to and deal with emergencies, especially those that provide police, ambulance, and firefighting services.Evacuation — Organized, phased and planned movement of people from dangerous or potentially dangerous areas to an exit and muster point. Exit — A means of egress, including doorways, that leads from the floor area it serves to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare. Major renovation — Extensive alteration work.Means of egress / Egress — A continuous path of travel provided for the movement of persons from any point in a building or contained open space to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare. Means of egress includes exits, access to accessible exits and a muster point.Mobility device — A device that has been designed to assist a person in their mobility. Muster point — The exterior location where people gather away from a building. Occupant evacuation elevator — An elevator that has been designed for independent evacuation under emergency conditions. Personal Emergency Evacuation Plans (PEEP) — A plan tailored to an individual’s needs and abilities which provides information on how to evacuate in the event of an emergency, either with assistance and/or the use of special equipment or device.  ,

9.2 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations shall apply in this Standard: Db — DecibelLULA — Limited use limited application elevatorNBC — National Building Code of CanadaNFC — National Fire Code of CanadaNFPA — National Fire Protection AssociationOEE — Occupant Evacuation ElevatorPEEP — Personal Emergency Evacuation PlanSI — International System of units

The National Fire Code (NFC) and the Provincial Fire Codes require that all buildings have a fire safety plan that includes information on emergency egress for all occupants, including people with disabilities. The ability of a person with a disability to safely evacuate a building is dependent upon the appropriate design of the building and the development and implementation of emergency procedures and practices that accommodate all building occupants. ,

10.1 Emergency situations

Emergency situations can include some of the following situations, but this list is not exclusive.Medical emergencyHostage situationsDemonstrations/civil disorderWorkplace violenceToxic fumes/gas leaksFireSuspicious package/envelopes & behaviourBomb threatsEarthquakes/power failure/floodsSevere weatherTsunamiAvalancheLandslideExplosion/hazardous materialsLockdownsArmed Intrusion

10.1.1 Emergency evacuation

10.1.1.1 Active emergency

An active emergency is when a situation has been discovered, and the alarm has been activated. Building occupants are alerted to an active emergency by audible, visual alarm, text or another alerting device.

10.1.1.2 Silent emergency 

A silent emergency occurs when the alarm has not been activated by emergency personnel who have determined that it is not advisable to sound the alarm. It may or may not require that building occupants evacuate the building. Building occupants are alerted to a silent emergency by an audible alert, a visual alert, a text or another alerting device.This procedure may be used during some type of crime or crime-threatening emergency. 

10.1.1.3 Emergencies requiring shelter-in-place

During some emergency situations, building occupants may be required to shelter-in-place. The terms shelter-in-place, stay-in-place, and protection-in-place are used interchangeably. The fire service or emergency personnel will advise people to remain in an interior room or rooms, by audible, visible alarm, text or another alerting device. Typically, floor wardens or other designated personnel will advise the floor occupants as well when it is announced over the public address system. The building will be locked down only permitting first responders to enter or exit the building. The first responders will conduct an inventory of those who are in the building.  With this approach, building occupants may keep in contact with emergency services by contacting 9-1-1 and reporting their location directly, or if necessary, signaling from a window. Emergency services will immediately relay this location to on-site first responders, who will determine the necessity for evacuation. 

10.1.1.4 Types of emergencies requiring horizontal evacuation

During a horizontal evacuation, occupants of the building will be advised in a variety of media to proceed to the outside ground level or to the unaffected wings of multi-building complexes.  

10.1.1.5 Emergencies requiring stairway evacuation

During a stairway evacuation, the occupants of the building will use the stairs to reach ground-level exits from the building, either independently, with assistance, or with the use of an evacuation device. They will then proceed to the muster point.

10.1.1.6 Emergencies using areas of refuge

During an emergency, occupants who are unable to evacuate independently may be advised to proceed to an area of refuge as per their personal emergency evacuation plan (PEEP) (with their buddy) and wait for assistance to evacuate. Building occupants are alerted via audible, visual alarm, text or another alerting device.

During an emergency that requires occupants to exit the building, the general population will follow the evacuation routes that are clearly marked, or they will exit the building the same way they entered. People with disabilities will need to follow their PEEP procedures and have more information about the options to exit quickly and safely. This Standard provides this guidance. This Clause contains a list of the specific actions that shall be included in the fire safety plan and the procedures that need to be followed.   ,

11.1 Items Included in the fire safety plan

There are specific items that shall be identified and included in the fire safety plan. It is important to note that the NFC 2020 specifically requires that provisions be made for people requiring assistance.

11.1.1 Information in the fire safety plan

The objective of the fire safety plan is to establish a systematic method for the safe and orderly evacuation of all occupants of the building, including a person with a disability. The fire safety plan shall include information on:sounding the fire alarm;notifying the fire department or 9-1-1 Centre;instructing occupants on the procedures to be followed when the fire alarm sounds;evacuating occupants, including special provisions for people requiring assistance;confining, controlling and extinguishing the fire;appointing and organizing of designated supervisory staff to carry out emergency safety duties;training of supervisory staff and other occupants on their responsibilities before, during and after an emergency situation;ensuring that the posted fire evacuation plan is compliant with Clause 16.3;assisting in assigning a buddy;ensuring all people who requested a buddy and a back-up buddy have one assigned;the type, location and operation of the building fire emergency systems, including diagrams;holding of fire drills;the measures for controlling fire hazards in and around the building;the inspection and maintenance of building facilities provided for the safety of occupants;the location of the areas of refuge;ensuring that the design and maintenance of the areas of refuge are compliant with Clause 12.1;ensuring that the notification systems are operational and in compliance with Clause 13.1;ensuring that communications systems in the area of refuge and other notification systems are compliant with Clause 12.1.5; andensuring that the personal emergency evacuation plans (PEEP) for occupants with a disability are included in the fire safety plan.A fire safety plan is required for all federally regulated buildings in Canada, and a copy of that plan is required to be provided to the arriving emergency services – typically through a fire safety plan box. The fire safety plan is intended to be used during all emergency situations.  ,

11.2 Interested parties

There are many people involved in a successful emergency evacuation such as:building occupants;external emergency service personnel; andbuilding occupants charged with the responsibility of maintaining the personal safety of building occupants. 

11.2.1 Roles and responsibilities of the various interested parties 

11.2.1.1 The role of the emergency wardens

Emergency wardens are individuals who are responsible for the safety of the people in their building or on their designated floors. The emergency wardens shall do the following:  Communicate with all people with disabilities.Direct the emergency response in a building or on a floor, as detailed in the fire safety plan and directed by the first responders.Be responsible to ensure the safe evacuation of people with disabilities.Ensure that each person with a disability in their building has a PEEP and knows what to do in an emergency.Check whether any visitors have completed a visitor PEEP.Know where to obtain the services of sign language interpreters, translators and where to obtain assistive devices.

11.2.1.2 The role of the first responder(s)  

First responders are people with specialized training who are among the first to arrive and provide assistance at the scene of an emergency. First responders typically include law enforcement officers, paramedics, emergency medical technicians and firefighters.  The fire department’s primary responsibility in a fire situation is to deal with fire suppression.During an emergency, the first responders are responsible to do the following: First assess the situation and call other emergency response agencies, if necessary.Obtain the fire safety plan and PEEPs once arriving on the scene.Implement the fire safety plan, including the PEEPs.Provide guidance on when it is safe to exit the building.Check the areas of refuge and assist in the evacuation of people with disabilities and their buddies.Assist a person with a disability and their buddies to safely exit the building.Check all areas of the building to ensure that everyone has left the building.

11.2.1.3 The role of the person with a disability

Some information on emergency egress issues that relate to individuals with various disabilities is provided in Annex A.A person with a disability shall:develop a PEEP in conjunction with the emergency warden and buddies;ensure that emergency wardens and buddies know and understand their personal situation and how to best assist;describe their preferences as to lifting or transferring;describe any areas of concern such as loud noises, the use of assistive devices, areas of pain, etc.;know the location of the accessible egress routes and the areas of refuge;know how to use an evacuation device, if applicable; andbe aware of the location of the muster points.

11.2.1.4 The role of the buddy

The buddy shall do the following:Assist in notifying the person with a disability of an emergency.Know how to use an evacuation device, if applicable.Participate in the development of the PEEP.Be aware of the location of the accessible egress route and area of refuge.Know the appropriate way to communicate with and assist the person with a disability and discuss their PEEP.Be aware of the locations of the person with a disability that they are going to accompany.Be aware of the location of the muster points.Participate in fire drills with the person with the disability. ,

11.3 Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP)

11.3.1 Introduction to Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan

A personal emergency evacuation plan (PEEP) is a documented plan tailored to an individual’s needs and abilities, and it provides information on how an individual who may require assistance will evacuate in the event of an emergency, either with assistance, the use of special equipment or device, or both.PEEPs are critical to the safety of people with disabilities, including employees, clients and visitors.The NFC and the Provincial Fire Codes that require that all buildings have a fire safety plan state that information on emergency egress for all occupants, including people with disabilities be developed. PEEPs shall be developed for each person who self-identifies as having a disability or who requires assistance that impacts emergency egress. There are two types of PEEP forms:A person who regularly works in a building shall use the “Employee PEEP” form. Employees include “hybrid” employees and telework employees and contractors.The completed PEEP form shall be approved, communicated and updated annually.Note: This would include the individual with a disability that would either work full time or have a hybrid schedule and be in office only 2-3 days a week. A sample Employee PEEP is provided in Annex B.A person who is a visitor, works in the building for just a short time, or only has a temporary issue shall use the “Visitor PEEP” form.Visitor PEEP forms shall be developed by the person responsible for emergency evacuation together with the visitor.Note: A sample Visitor PEEP form is provided in Annex B.

11.3.2 Employee Personal Emergency Evacuation Plans 

A person with a disability together with their manager, and those responsible for the safe evacuation procedures for the building shall:develop an employee PEEP for an employee with a disability who identify as needing assistance in an emergency.Employee PEEPs shall be provided for all organizations. The employee PEEP or at least the name of the individual that requires assistance needs to be included in the overall Registry List for the emergency warden that has a direct link to the Fire/Police/Paramedics in an emergency. The employee PEEP shall:be provided to the employee with a disability in their format of choice;be provided to the employee with a disability’s buddy and support team (buddy and alternate buddy);be included in the fire safety plan and emergency response plan;be stored in a known, easily accessible location;be maintained by the building owner or their property manager and emergency floor warden;be communicated to the property manager and/or building owner if tenanted; andbe kept private from nonessential users, as required.

11.3.3 How to prepare employee Personal Emergency Evacuation Plans (PEEP)

The person responsible for developing the fire safety plan for the facility, together with the person with a disability and their buddy shall meet to develop a personalized evacuation plan. They shall do the following:Assess and identify the emergency evacuation accommodation needs and determine what kind of support is required. Note: For example, guidance, personal assistance, alerting or communication. Discuss and identify the preferred evacuation strategy.Assess the building design for potential building risks, hazards or constraints.Inform the building manager, the health and safety officer, the emergency warden or security of the personalized PEEP.Complete the PEEP and provide a copy to the person with a disability and their buddy in their preferred format.Review the PEEP annually and update it if there are any changes in circumstances.Practice the PEEP with the buddy, and others if required in the PEEP, during emergency drills.Test any equipment or procedures.Note: A standard Employee PEEP shall be developed as per the template in Annex B.

11.3.4 Information to be included in the employee PEEP

A PEEP shall be developed which includes: the names and contact information of the person with a disability who has self-identified as needing assistance;alternate contact information;the workplace locations in the building and the work schedule;the procedures for alerting others of the work location;confirmation on whether evacuation is possible using the stairs;confirmation on whether additional time is needed to evacuate;the most appropriate procedures for evacuation;the preferred method of transferring, lifting or carrying or using an evacuation device (see Annex D);the type of equipment required to evacuate and the location of any equipment or devices required, such as an evacuation chair, a personal alarm;alternate format requirements;the name and contact information of the support team (buddy and alternate buddy);confirmation on whether assistive technologies are required for communication;the preferred alerting system;the preferred communication mode;factors that would be encountered that could cause greater distress for the individual, e.g., smoke exposure, flashing lights, loud noises, straps and braces, issues of pain or strength;the location of any areas of refuge and muster points;the location of the nearest exits and fire alarms;the preferred accessible egress route and an alternate route;a diagram of the egress route, alternate route, areas of refuge, shelter in place locations and exterior muster points; andany training to fulfill the requirements of the PEEP.Note: Information shared in the personal emergency evacuation plan is subject to the person with a disability’s approval.

11.3.5 Personal information 

A person with a disability may have personal information relevant to their safety and the safety of emergency personnel that is important to know during an emergency egress situation. It is highly recommended that the person with a disability share all relevant information. Privacy concerns shall be discussed to ensure that information in the PEEP is not shared inappropriately.

11.3.6 Visitors

Visitors are occupants of a building who are not present on a regular, known and consistent basis. This could include patrons, employees in a hybrid or co-working workplace who work in an office space on an irregular basis, or employees in activity-based workplaces. A standard Visitor PEEP form shall be developed as per the template in Annex B.At the check-in or security desk:the Visitor PEEP form shall be available at the check-in or security desk;a sign requesting visitors who need assistance in an emergency to complete the visitors PEEP shall be posted; andstaff at the check-in or security desk shall:be familiar with emergency evacuation procedures;keep a copy of the form and provide it to emergency personnel, as needed;be familiar with the evacuation routes; andbe familiar with alerting systems and communication requirements detailed in the Visitor PEEP. ,

11.4 Before, during and after an emergency evacuation

11.4.1 Before an emergency

11.4.1.1 Emergency evacuation drills   

Before an emergency occurs, each person having been identified as needing assistance shall be assigned a buddy and a backup buddy who is willing to assist in an emergency.It is the responsibility of the building manager to ensure that buddies are assigned. If no one volunteers to be a buddy, then it is the responsibility of the building manager to provide that service.Given the importance of the emergency egress drills to ensure that all occupants of a building know the necessary procedures to safely exit the building, all individuals shall participate in the emergency egress drills. This will ensure that, during an emergency, everyone is aware of what to do and where to go. Drills are conducted to ensure that the plans in place are understood, realistic, safe, and effective. Drills shall be practised at least every 12 months. For some people with disabilities, executing the entire emergency egress procedure may be stressful, cause harm to their physical or mental well-being, or be extremely time consuming. In these cases, the emergency egress procedure should be executed to the greatest degree possible.   A successful emergency egress drill shall ensure that:the warning system and communication is effective and accessible for all building occupants and visitors;all occupants are familiar with the established evacuation routes and shelter-in-place procedures;the PEEPs are effective and up-to-date for people with disabilities and their buddies;building occupants practice their plans;all occupants who may be required to assist people with disabilities, such as the emergency warden or the building manager, are familiar with the evacuation requirements for people with disabilities;people with disabilities who may need to use an evacuation chair and their buddies are able to effectively and safely use the device;the building components such as the call boxes, posted signs and areas of refuge are functioning as designed; andprocedures are in place to assist visitors who have a disability during an emergency egress.

11.4.1.2 Register with the fire department or 9-1-1 Centre

Many jurisdictions in Canada have a program for people with disabilities and those who feel vulnerable to register their location and provide information on their emergency-related concerns. It is important to keep this information up to date. People should contact their local fire department or 9-1-1 Centre to find out if such a program exists in their locale. 

11.4.1.3 Requirements and guidelines for persons (buddies) assisting a person with a disability    

The designated buddies who will be assisting a person with a disability and the person with a disability will decide on the best way to safely evacuate during an emergency egress and will include this information in the PEEP. Some guidelines that shall be followed when developing and executing the PEEP include:  Buddies shall always ask a person with a disability how they can help before attempting any rescue technique or giving assistance. A buddy shall ask how the person with a disability can best be assisted or moved, and whether there are any special considerations or items that need to come with them.People assisting shall ask the person with a disability what is their preferred and safest lifting or transferring technique, and whether an evacuation chair or similar device should be used.    Before lifting or transferring someone, it is important to discuss personal considerations such as whether there are straps that should be removed, other technical devices attached to a wheelchair that should be removed, or even any sensitive injuries or painful areas. Proper lifting techniques shall be used to avoid injury to evacuees or the rescuers (e.g., bending the knees, keeping the back straight, holding the person close before lifting, and using leg muscles to lift).   When using devices such as an evacuation chair, a buddy shall ensure the person with a disability is secured properly. A buddy should be cautious on stairs and rest at landings, if necessary.If the evacuee prefers to be evacuated while in their wheelchair, the evacuee shall advise on the best and safest way to evacuate.

11.4.2 During the emergency 

During an emergency egress situation, a person with a disability and their buddy shall implement their PEEP by following instructions from emergency personnel, and:evacuating independently;evacuating with assistance; orremaining in the area of refuge. 

11.4.3 Post-emergency: Evaluation and improvement 

After an emergency situation has taken place, an in-depth review shall be conducted on the effectiveness of the procedures that were developed and implemented. All drills and emergencies shall be documented to facilitate improvement.Potential improvements should be discussed frequently and openly. This discussion shall:  be completed within 2 weeks of the emergency egress in a written format and an alternative format that is accessible to the person with a disability;   provide feedback on portions of the evacuation that proceeded successfully according to the plan outlined in the person’s PEEP;  provide feedback on portions of the evacuation or drill that did not proceed according to the plan outlined in the person’s PEEP;ensure that communication with all occupants was effective and inclusive;identify potential areas of improvement;identify any built environment elements that need remediation; andbe completed by every person involved in the emergency evacuation or drill.If feedback was provided by any of the building occupants during the post-evacuation discussion that could improve the egress of people with disabilities, this information shall be used to update the building evacuation plan and/or the PEEPs. When changes are made, they shall be discussed with the person with the disability, their buddies, and any other occupants who may provide assistance during an emergency egress situation.

11.4.3.1 Changes to the emergency egress plans due to situational changes  

In addition to reviewing the Fire Safety Plan and the individual personal emergency egress plans after every emergency egress, the plans shall be updated every time there is a situational change that could alter how a person with a disability can safely exit the building during an emergency. This could include situations such as:changes in the person’s disability;  changes in the assignment of buddies;  changes in responsibilities (for example if the owner designates the building manager to be responsible for specific tasks);  construction within the building; orconstruction outside or around the building when the muster point or the accessible path of travel to the muster point is affected.   The updated plan shall be included in the fire safety plan for the building.

The means of egress from all floors to an accessible path of travel and muster point shall be designed in conformance with this Clause. ,

12.1 Areas of refuge

12.1.1 Application

Buildings shall be provided with areas of refuge on levels above and below the level served by an immediate accessible exit and egress path of travel leading directly outside. Sprinklers provided in buildings shall not be considered an acceptable form of refuge.

12.1.1.1 Number of areas of refuge

The number of areas of refuge on each storey shall be provided based on half the number of exits required by the applicable building code serving that storey. Note: Decimal numbers should be rounded up to the nearest whole number. Other considerations:the building use; andthe anticipated number of visitors.

12.1.2 Location of the areas of refuge

An area of refuge shall be located:within an exit stair shaft, provided it is outside the egress width required by the applicable building code so that direct access is provided to an exit, or a firefighter or occupant evacuation elevator required by the applicable building code; orwithin a fire compartment that is separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required by the applicable building code for an exit enclosure on the same storey so that direct access is provided to:a firefighter elevator required by the applicable building code; oran occupant evacuation elevator in conformance with ASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19. Note: An example of a fire compartment in this Clause includes an elevator lobby.Note: The travel distance to an area of refuge should be considered. 

12.1.3 General

Areas of refuge shall be:located on an accessible route;smoke-protected;illuminated at a minimum of 200 lux; andprovided with an evacuation device nearby. 

12.1.4 Doors serving an area of refuge

A door serving an immediate area of refuge shall:be leakage-rated complying with NFPA 105;have a clear width complying with CSA/ASC B651;be equipped with a power door operator capable of being activated in the event of a loss of power via emergency power or alternative power source; andbe located clear of any adjacent door swing and away from pedestrian exit routes.

12.1.5 Interior of areas of refuge

The interior of an area of refuge shall: provide a minimum of two waiting spaces to accommodate a clear unobstructed floor space not less than 900 mm by 1500 mm for each space;be served by a 2100 mm turning radius;be located clear of any adjacent door swing;be illuminated, minimum 200 lux;be connected to the backup power; andbe free of protrusions.

12.1.6 Clear waiting space

The clear waiting space shall:be connected to the accessible path of travel;be recessed away from the common path of travel;be positioned to avoid someone being directly in front of or behind another individual;be clearly delineated along the floor;not be located directly facing the stairs or behind the exit door; andhave separate emergency lighting and ventilation systems supported by a backup generator.

12.1.7 Areas of refuge communication

A communication system shall:be provided in each area of refuge;be equipped with a hands-free two-way communication system that is at a maximum height of 1200 mm;provide feedback to occupants acknowledging receipt of their communication (similar to an elevator);be adjacent to a clear space of 900 x 1500 mm;be connected to backup power;be connected to an emergency response system;have a two-way texting system complying with International Telecommunications Union (ITU) V.18, “Operational and interworking requirements for DCEs operating in the text telephone mode,” to support people who are Deaf, deafblind or hard of hearing; andbe linked to security or emergency call centre. A communication system should be equipped with a volume control device.

12.1.8 Signage

An area of refuge shall have an identification sign on the door stating AREA OF REFUGE with the International Pictogram of Access. An additional sign shall be posted on the side of the door, complying with CSA/ASC B651. 

12.1.8.1 Directional signage

Emergency egress directional signage to the area of refuge shall be provided at decision points throughout the building. ,

12.2 Exit doors

All doors along the egress route shall comply with CSA/ASC B651 and the NFC. They shall be equipped with power operators. Doors and doorways provided along an accessible egress path of travel, including but not limited to doors forming part of fire separations, serving areas of refuge and muster points, etc., or a combination thereof, shall comply with this Standard. Doors forming part of an egress route shall be:provided with a vision panel or side light with its bottom edge not higher than 900 mm; Where doors forming part of an egress route are fully transparent, they shall be marked across the entire width of the door with a minimum of 50 mm high luminance contrasting strip at two different heights of 900 mm above finished floor and 1350 mm above finished floor.Where doors form part of an accessible egress path of travel they shall be equipped with impact-resistant high-contrasting kick plates with rounded edges that span the width of the door for a height from the bottom of the door of not less than 250 mm. An accessible exit door, discharging to the exterior of a building or another building through a horizontal accessible exit shall:have an accessible sign complying with Clause 16.5.2;discharge directly to the exterior, lead to an accessible exterior path of travel and the exterior muster point and the public way; andif discharging to another building, lead to an accessible path of travel that complies with this Standard. Automatic sliding doors forming part of an accessible egress path of travel shall be capable of opening or remaining open in the event of an emergency either manually or through a break away feature.No entrance/exit doors shall be locked, including the inactive leaf of a multiple-leaf door.

12.2.1 Power door operators on horizontal exit doors

Exit doors discharging to the exterior of a building or another building through a horizontal exit (all of which shall be accessible) shall be equipped with a power door operator and emergency power backup. All egress route doors shall be equipped with power door operators. In existing building, power-operated doors not equipped with standby, or emergency power shall be equipped with an integral or separate listed releasing device that shall automatically disconnect the door from the control of the power operator at the time of an emergency.  ,

12.3 Egress path of travel

Where stairs or ramps are present along the exterior or interior path of travel, they shall comply with Clauses 12.5 and 12.7 of this Standard.

12.3.1 Interior egress path of travel 

The interior egress path of travel shall comply with CSA/ASC-B651.Static escalators, stair lifts and moving walks shall not be permitted as part of the interior egress path of travel. All elements in the interior egress path of travel shall be accessible, including:to and from all floor areas of a building; andto and from all interior doors to exterior exit doors.In addition, the interior egress path of travel shall:where there is a rise over 13 mm, have a slope of no steeper than 1:25. See Ramps 12.7;be free of protrusions to a height of 2100 mm;be illuminated to a minimum level of 200 lux; andbe free of overly patterned carpeting.

12.3.2 Exterior egress path of travel

The slope and cross slope of the exterior egress path of travel shall comply with CSA/ASC B651.The exterior egress path of travel between the accessible building exits, the exterior muster points and the public right of way shall be:a maximum distance between 45 - 60 m to travel;free of barriers; andbe illuminated to a minimum level of 200 lx. ,

12.4 Muster points

All buildings shall have muster points served by an accessible exterior egress path of travel.The muster point shall be a minimum of 3000 mm x 3000 mm.Signage with the muster point symbol shall be provided between 1600 mm and 2500 mm above the ground surface.Signage identifying the muster points shall be identified on the emergency fire safety map posted throughout the building.Benches or seating provided for the muster point shall comply with CSA/ASC B651. The muster point shall:be provided with a rest area equipped with a bench or seating alternative;have a pavement marking not less than 1 m by 1 m identifying the international symbol of muster points, where located on a hard surface;be illuminated; andbe recessed away from and served by an exterior egress path of travel complying with Clause 12.3.2.  ,

12.5 Stairs

All stairs shall comply with CSA/ASC B651, the NBC, and relevant provincial codes and standards.Note: Buildings that have a single stairwell shall provide either:an area of refuge on each floor above the exit floor; oran occupant evacuation elevator complying with Clause 15.3.

12.5.1 Exterior stairs on accessible egress path of travel

Exterior stair treads and landings shall comply with CSA/ASC B651 and shall be designed in compliance with interior stairs.Exterior stairs leading to the muster point and public way shall be accompanied by a ramp complying with Clause 12.7.Exterior stairs shall have a minimum of 3 risers.

12.5.2 Interior stairs

Interior stairs shall comply with CSA/ASC B651. Additionally, the following requirements shall be met:The clear height of a stair shall be 2,400 mm minimum.The clear width of a stair shall be 1,650 mm minimum.The height of landings shall be a minimum of 3,700 mm. ,

12.6 Handrails

Handrails shall be designed in compliance with CSA/ASC B651.

12.6.1 Tactile information on stair and ramp handrails

Stair and ramp handrails shall have raised characters with braille permanently fixed on the underside of the horizontal section, at the beginning and at the end of every handrail on stairs indicating:the floor number;the direction of egress; andthe exit floor shall be indicated by a tactile star. ,

12.7 Ramps

Ramps shall comply with CSA/ASC B651.An exterior accessible egress path of travel shall have a slope not more than 1:20, and if greater it shall be designed as a ramp with a slope not greater than 1:15. Where there are cross slopes, they shall be a maximum of 1:50. Ramps shall:be equipped with handrails, complying with Clause 12.6;include a tactile warning surface indicator at the top of the ramp;be illuminated to a minimum level of 200 lux; andbe at least 30% luminance (colour) contrasted with their surroundings.

12.7.1 Landings at ramps

A level landing shall be illuminated to a minimum level of 200 lux.

12.7.2 Ramp handrails

Handrails on ramps shall comply with the requirements of CSA/ASC B651. In addition, ramps shall:have handrails on both sides with a clear width between the handrails of 1200 mm, and a clear width below the handrails of at least 1210 mm; andcomply with tactile information requirements of 12.6.1. 

13.1 Alarm systems

13.1.1 Single-stage system

A single-stage system is designed so that, when activated, the alarm signal shall be immediately transmitted throughout the building to warn the occupants that an emergency exists. 

13.1.2 Two-stage system

In a two-stage alarm system, a distinct alert signal shall first advise of the emergency. Note: A two-stage system is used in facilities where the immediate evacuation of the occupants is neither desired nor practical. The second notification in the two-stage alarm system will advise occupants on how to proceed.Both single stage and two stage systems cause the fire alarm panel to send signals to the fire department or monitoring station (fire alarm receiving centre or 9-1-1 Centre).Alarm signals to evacuate occupants do not sound. Notification is via a voice announcement.Technical requirements for fire alarm systems are provided in the NFC.

13.1.3 Where a fire alarm system is provided

Where a fire alarm system is provided, the visible SIGNAL system shall consist of strobe lights conforming to CAN/ULC-S526 that are designed to operate as part of the fire alarm system.

13.1.4 Where a fire alarm system is not provided

Where a fire alarm system is not provided, the visible SIGNAL system shall consist of strobe lights conforming to CAN/ULC-S526. 

13.1.4.1 Emergency communication formats

Building managers shall ensure communication systems that can alert all building occupants are in place in the event of an emergency. Note 1: Clear and efficient communication with everyone, including regular occupants and visitors, will enhance the safety of all building users during an emergency.All building occupants shall:receive emergency egress information in the format of their choice; anddiscuss format choices during the preparation of an individual’s personal emergency egress plan.Some building occupants may need information in various formats, including:large print;electronic messaging;speech synthesizers;an electronic pager; orsign language interpretation.Note 2: Using a video relay service in an emergency is not acceptable as it can be time-consuming.  ,

13.2 Emergency notification systems

13.2.1 Alerting or signaling devices

There are a variety of signaling devices available that provide either visible, audible or tactile cues to signal an alarm. Information on alerting devices and emergency alerting systems in Canada is provided in Annex C.Lower frequency audible alarms should be provided for people who are hard of hearing. Note: They are particularly effective when the building occupant is asleep. Also available for people sleeping are assistive technologies that provide alerts by a flashing light and/or a pillow vibrating device placed under the pillow when triggered by a fire or smoke alarm.

13.2.2 Visible device location

Visible signal devices (strobes) shall be connected to a power source and emit a strobe light. The signal shall be provided in both public and private areas of a building. Visible signal devices shall be;located in conformance with the installation requirements for visible signal devices in CAN/ULC-S524.

13.2.3 Smart phones

Communication tools such as smart phones or mobile phones are increasingly being used by everyone. They are an excellent form of communication as they can receive audio and tactile alerts to notify of an incoming message and can be used in text and voice (audible) formats.Alert signals shall be transmitted via the National Public Alert System by all telecommunications providers. See Annex C for information on national and provincial alert systems.  ,

13.3 Emergency telephones

Where provided, an emergency telephone shall:display the symbol for an Emergency Phone;provide its operable parts not more than 1200 mm from the floor;have the illumination level measured at the operating devices at least 200 lux;be hearing aid compatible; andhave a volume control with amplification of (30-50 dB). ,

13.4 Public announcements

Whenever a public announcement is provided in an audio format, it shall be provided at designated areas on all floors of a building in text display and transmitted electronically to building occupants. All public announcements relating to emergency egress shall be provided in a variety of formats, including:audible announcements;broadcasting to hearing technologies and implantable devices;visual announcements; andelectronic announcements.Note: Variable message boards should also be used.When provided, variable message boards shall:not use pre-recorded messages for emergency information;utilize a well-contrasted characters (avoiding red and green or blue on a black background);be mounted at a maximum height of 1500 mm; andbe centrally located. ,

13.5 Audio systems (assistive listening systems)

A permanent assistive audio system shall be provided where there is an exchange of emergency information, including in the following floor areas:in elevators;as part of emergency warning intercom systems;as part of all public announcement systems; and at security checkpoints.

Illumination of accessible egress paths of travel and Areas of Refuge shall be:no less than 200 lux at floor level; be placed to avoid glare; andsupplemented by emergency power. Separate emergency lighting and ventilation systems shall be supported by a backup generator. Emergency electrical power will ensure adequate emergency lighting for the use of elevators and key operating components or other systems during a power outage. A photoluminescent lighting system along the floor should be provided to indicate the accessible egress path of travel.Illumination in elevators shall be a minimum of 100 lux.

For information on various types of elevators and lifting devices, refer to Annex E.  ,

15.1 General

The use of elevators for evacuation is one key strategy for evacuation of people who are unable to use stairs. Elevators are now permitted and available that are specifically designed for independent use by people evacuating a building. Building codes and standards, including the ASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19 standard have addressed independent use of an elevator for evacuation purposes. ,

15.2 Codes and standards

National and provincial building codes reference ASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19.The ASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19 standard regulates the following types of elevators and lifts:passenger elevators;limited use limited application (LULA) elevators;firefighter elevators;occupant evacuation elevator; andescalators and moving walks.Note 1: Canada and the USA have a harmonized elevator standard. In the USA it is known as A17 and in Canada CSA B44. Note 2: Other relevant standards may include:ISO/TR 25743:2010, Lifts (elevators) — Study of the use of lifts for evacuation during an emergency; andISO/TR 8101-10:2024, Fire safety on lifts Part 10: Comparison of safety standards worldwide on lifts used by firefighters and for building evacuation. ,

15.3 Occupant evacuation elevators

An Occupant Evacuation Elevator (OEE) is designed to be used for evacuation purposes by people unable to use the stairs. When elevators are installed in a building, at least one elevator shall be designed as an in accordance with the requirements of ASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19.If only one elevator is installed in a building, it shall comply with OEE requirements.Platform lifts complying with CSA B355 are not permitted to provide occupant evacuation.

15.3.1 Information

An Occupant Evacuation Elevator (OEE) is designed to be used for evacuation purposes by people unable to use the stairs. A two-way text/communication system shall be provided inside and outside the OEE elevators. A two-way text communication system inside and outside elevators are available that will provide a visual screen to connect with security. Alternately, Wi-Fi availability can facilitate communication.Information on its use shall:be incorporated into the fire safety plan;be incorporated into the PEEPs, when appropriate; andbe included in the posted fire safety evacuation plan.Occupants of a building shall be instructed in how to use and when to operate an OEE. There shall be signs posted on all floors adjacent to each elevator call station for OEEs.  ,

15.4 Vertical platform area for a stretcher

15.4.1 Space

All elevators shall provide a clear floor area of 2,010 mm minimum in length and 610 mm minimum in width to accommodate a stretcher in the prone position and additional space for two persons.

15.4.2 Exemption

Accommodation of a stretcher in an elevator shall not be required for:a limited use limited application (LULA) elevator designed and installed in accordance with the relevant elevating devices safety regulation; ora lift designed and installed in accordance with CAN/CSA-B355.

15.4.3 Identification

An elevator that is designed to accommodate a stretcher or OEE shall be clearly identified on every level the elevator serves.  ,

15.5 Elevator controls

Elevator car controls shall:be mounted on the front and side walls of the elevator cab;be mounted at a maximum height of 1200 mm;be equipped with braille and raised characters on buttons located to the left of the operation button; andhave a well-contrasted operation button.

16.1 Application

All signage and wayfinding relating to emergency egress shall be accessible and shall include text, visual, tactile and Braille characters. There are different types of signage that relate to emergency egress for various purposes:regulatory signs, which include information, including safety and emergency signs;mandatory signs which denote an order requiring an action; andwarning signs such as caution and danger signs denote a potential hazard and a definite hazard. Note: Red, blue or green LEDs shall be avoided on a black background as they are unreadable for most people with vision loss. In addition to the requirement for signage and wayfinding found in CAN-ASC-2.4 Wayfinding and Signage and applicable building codes, the following clauses for signage and wayfinding provisions shall be met. ,

16.2 Directional signage

The following signs shall be posted indicating the accessible egress route:accessible egress path of travel to an exit, an area of refuge and a horizontal separation, if it is used as an area of refuge; andaccessible egress path of travel to an occupant evacuation elevator.Emergency egress signage shall be identified by directional signage indicating the accessible egress path of travel to the final exit.Emergency egress directional signage shall be: posted at all decision points throughout the building;mounted with its centre between 1200 mm and 1500 mm from the finished floor;provided with legible, clear font not less than 16 pt; andavailable in alternative accessible formats, upon request.  ,

16.3 Emergency evacuation map

An emergency evacuation map (plan) shall address the needs of all building occupants.The map shall be posted in a consistent location throughout the building. It shall:identify evacuation routes most occupants should follow during an emergency;identify the accessible egress route for people with disabilities, unable to use the stairs;  identify the areas of refuge;identify the location of the variable message board;identify the location of the manual pull stations;identify the accessible exit locations;  identify the location(s) of fire alarms throughout the building;identify the locations of portable fire extinguishers throughout the building;  identify the location of elevators;identify the location of occupant evacuation elevators;identify the location of the evacuation devices;be located with the base of evacuation plans no higher than 1200 mm from the floor;be located in central locations of the building;incorporate a font size of no less than 14 point;be colour contrasted;be available in alternate formats;when possible, avoid the use of red and green; anduse official pictograms.  ,

16.4 Tactile maps

Tactile maps of the posted emergency evacuation map should be provided at the building entrance.Where provided, tactile maps shall:be angled between 20° minimum and 30° maximum from the horizontal;have the bottom edge 900 mm minimum above the finished floor surface;have the key located at the bottom of the map and left justified; andhave a recessed braille locator provided on the left-hand side to assist in locating the legend. ,

16.5 Other signage

16.5.1 Enclosed stairway signage

An enclosed stairway shall have a sign identifying the storey in raised characters and braille with a high luminance contrast to its background at each landing that provides access to a floor area.

16.5.2 Exit door signage

An accessible exit door discharging to the exterior of a building or another building shall:have a sign with raised characters and braille;if discharging directly to the exterior, lead to an accessible exterior path of travel and the exterior muster point; andif discharging to another building, lead to a path of travel that complies with this Standard.

17.1 Evacuation devices

An evacuation device shall be provided outside but nearby Areas of Refuge on each floor of a building but not at ground level. The use of evacuation devices shall:be part of the fire safety plan for the building;be identified on the posted emergency evacuation plan; andbe identified in the individual’s personal emergency evacuation plan (PEEP).Evacuation devices shall:not be locked; andhave a sign indicating its location.Information on evacuation devices is provided in Annex D.

18.1 People with communication disabilities

People with communication disabilities include people who are Deaf, deafened, deafblind and people who are hard of hearing. Others with a communication disability include people who have a speech disability, people who are non-verbal and people who use an assistive device in order to communicate.Communication is vital during an emergency egress process. The preferred mode of communication alerting mechanism is an important component of the person’s PEEP. Accessible communication techniques include sign language, lip reading, tactile sign language, use of assistive listening technologies, writing, gestures, and facial expressions. ,

18.2 People with agility or mobility disabilities

People with mobility disabilities vary greatly. Their chief concern is how they will get out of a building in an emergency, especially if they use a mobility device. Some people with mobility disabilities will simply need more time to evacuate while others will need assistance to use an evacuation device or will need to be carried out of the building. It is extremely important to speak with a person with a mobility disability before an emergency occurs. They will know the best and safest way to be assisted.  ,

18.3 People with cognitive disabilities

People with cognitive disabilities include people with intellectual disabilities, people with learning disabilities or people with dementia. It will be especially important for a buddy or friend to provide support and guidance. ,

18.4 People with mental health issues

Naturally, people become anxious in an emergency so for people who suffer from anxiety or some other mental health issues, their behaviour may become unpredictable. Familiarizing oneself with the safe and accessible egress route will help to facilitate a smoother exiting process. It will be especially important for a buddy or friend to provide support and guidance. ,

18.5 People with environmental sensitivities

People with environmental sensitivities may be severely compromised during an emergency due to their sensitivities to smoke, new off-gassing and odours. They should remove themselves from the building as quickly as possible.  ,

18.6 People with vision loss

People who are blind or have vision loss are largely able to live their life without depending on others. An emergency egress situation is one situation where they may need assistance to evacuate safely from a building. Their PEEP should detail any assistance required, guiding techniques if required and communication assistance. People with vision loss, whether they use a guide dog or a cane, will be concerned with unexpected hazards and a changing environment.  ,

18.7 People with multiple disabilities

It is not uncommon for someone to have more than one disability, particularly as they age. Aging is characterized by changes in both form and function of the body’s systems, involving sensory and motor capacities, strength and stamina. Changes in sight, hearing, smell and temperature sensitivity are common.Many people with disabilities such as cerebral palsy have a combination of conditions, for example mobility and communication. For emergency egress requirements, it is important to consider that the person with the disability may have a variety of issues.

19.1 PEEPs general

A personal emergency evacuation plan (PEEP) is required for all individuals who may need assistance to evacuate a building in an emergency. A PEEP can be temporary or permanent.A PEEP is generally for a specific individual (Employee PEEP). A more generic PEEP template is for visitors (Visitor PEEP).The contents of a PEEP will depend heavily on the abilities of the individual and the building they use.  ,

19.2 Employee PEEP

This form is PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL. Information will be retained by the Emergency Warden.QuestionAnswerName Phone Number Where will you be in the building (Floor/Room/Desk#) Will you be going to different/other buildings? If yes, give details. Do you require assistance in an emergency?( YES / NO )Do you require an alert in case of emergency?If yes, please indicate the best way to alert you.( YES / NO )Do you require assistance exiting using the stairs?If yes, please indicate the best way to assist you.( YES / NO )Do you require assistance going to the area of refuge?( YES / NO )Do you require assistance for comfort and assurance?If yes, please indicate the best way to assist you.( YES / NO )Do you have a “buddy” or “back up buddy?” If not, contact your manager.( YES / NO )Are you aware of the evacuation procedures? If not, contact your manager for a copy to review.( YES / NO )Are you aware of the nearest exits? If not, locate them in the emergency evacuation plan.( YES / NO )Are you aware of the Emergency Evacuation Plan that is posted? If not, review.Are you aware of the evacuation signage for persons with disabilities? If not, review( YES / NO )Is the evacuation signage in your preferred format? If not, request an alternate format.( YES / NO )Will any devices/equipment/procedures be needed to assist you in an emergency? For example, a wheelchair or evacuation device. If so, indicate the device/equipment/procedure here, and notify your buddy and manager.( YES / NO )If yes, are you aware of where the emergency device is stored?  ( YES / NO )Has this PEEP been developed in conjunction with you, the manager and emergency personnel? If not, inform your manager.( YES / NO )Any additional information that may be important in case of emergency?  ,

19.3 Visitor PEEP

This form is PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL. Information will be maintained only during the duration of the visit.QuestionAnswerName Phone Number How long will you be visiting? Name and contact information for the person you are visiting (if applicable) Where will you be in the building (Floor/Room/Desk#) Will you be going to different/other buildings? If yes, give details.( YES / NO )Do you require assistance in an emergency?( YES / NO )Do you require an alert in case of emergency? If yes, please indicate the best way to alert you.( YES / NO )Do you require assistance exiting using the stairs?If yes, please indicate the best way to assist you.( YES / NO )Do you require assistance going to the area of refuge?( YES / NO )Do you require assistance for comfort and assurance?If yes, please indicate the best way to assist you.( YES / NO )Is the person you are visiting willing to assist you in an emergency? If not, notify security. ( YES / NO )Are you aware of the evacuation procedures? If not, request a copy from security.( YES / NO )Are you aware of the nearest exits? If not, locate them in the emergency evacuation plan.( YES / NO )Are you aware of the Emergency Evacuation Plan that is posted? If not, review.( YES / NO )Are you aware of the evacuation signage for persons with disabilities? If not, review.( YES / NO )Is the evacuation signage in your preferred format? If not, request an alternate format.( YES / NO )Will any devices, equipment, or procedures be needed in order to assist you in an emergency? For example, a wheelchair or evacuation device. If so, indicate the device/equipment/procedure here, and notify the person you are visiting, or security.( YES / NO )If yes, are you aware of where the emergency device is stored?( YES / NO )Has this PEEP been developed in conjunction with you, the person you’re visiting, and the person responsible for emergency evacuation (receptionist)? If not, inform your manager.( YES / NO )Any additional information that may be important in case of emergency? 

The Canadian Profile of the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP-CP) is an adaptation of the international CAP standard, designed to meet the specific requirements of emergency management organizations. CAP-CP facilitates the widespread dissemination of alert messages across various systems and platforms. This profile is used by emergency management agencies to create and distribute alerts that can be accessed through multiple technologies, including television, radio, mobile devices, and internet services.The National Public Alerting System (NPAS) issues warnings to the public about imminent threats and emergencies. This system leverages multiple technologies to ensure wide coverage and rapid dissemination of alerts. ,

20.1 Accessible emergency alerts for people with disabilities

The Canadian emergency alerting system incorporates accessibility features for persons with disabilities:

20.1.1 Text-to-speech

Broadcasters can utilize text-to-speech software to create audio versions of text alerts. This is particularly beneficial for people with vision disabilities, as it allows them to receive important emergency information through audible messages.Source: Public Safety Canada: National Public Alerting System (NPAS)

20.1.2 Vibration alerts

Mobile devices can emit distinct vibration patterns to notify users who are Deaf, deafblind or hard of hearing. This vibration alert ensures that people with hearing disabilities are made aware of imminent threats or emergency.Source: Emergency Alerts and the National Public Alerting System | CRTC 

20.1.3 Alternate formats

Efforts are made to provide alerts in formats accessible to people who are blind or have low vision. This can include described video and audio description, though it should be noted that not all devices and alerting authorities currently support these capabilities.Source: CRTC: Accessibility in Broadcasting: Provides detailed information on described video and audio description requirements for Canadian broadcasters

20.1.4 Captions and sign language

Emergency announcements include captions and interpretation in sign language. These features are intended to ensure that people who are Deaf, deafblind or hard of hearing can understand the alerts.Source: Accessible Communications

20.1.5 Accessible social media content

Emergency information shared on social media includes features like alt text for images. These measures are designed to make content accessible for screen readers, aiding people with vision disabilities.Source: Government of Canada: Social Media Guidelines for Emergencies

20.1.6 Accessible emergency communication and alerting technologies 

A comprehensive emergency alerting system will reach all citizens, including persons with disabilities. Various technologies can be employed to ensure that emergency alerts broadcast over television, radio, wireless devices, and online services are accessible to people with disabilities. These technologies are designed to accommodate the needs of people who are blind, Deaf, hard of hearing, and have cognitive disabilities. This document provides an in-depth look at the technologies used to ensure emergency alerts are accessible to people with disabilities. The focus is on how these technologies work, their implementation, and how they enhance accessibility.

In any emergency, an emergency evacuation device can be the safest and most efficient method to move people who are unable to evacuate independently from a building. The device will ensure the rapid and secure evacuation of people with disabilities. This process can pose distinct challenges that necessitate specialized equipment and planning and training of all participants.  ,

21.1 Types of emergency evacuation devices

A range of emergency evacuation devices are available to ensure that persons with disabilities can evacuate buildings safely and efficiently. This document offers an overview of the emergency evacuation devices available for people with disabilities.

21.1.1 Manufacturers and suppliers

Canadian manufacturers offer several types of emergency evacuation chairs designed to assist people with mobility disabilities during emergencies. They include:Evacuation chairs: wheeled devices that are lightweight and foldable frames for easy storage and transportation. They have tracks or belts that enable controlled descent downstairs plus braking.A portable inclined platform wheelchair lift: designed to accommodate people in wheelchairs.A stair track: designed for manual wheelchair users, this portable lift attaches under most standard manual chairs. A non-powered unit: for standard evacuation down to grade level.A powered unit: for evacuating up to grade level.Portable ramps: while not specifically designed for emergencies, portable ramps can be used to navigate small steps or raised thresholds.

There are a variety of lifts, elevators and stair lifts that are permitted by ASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19. ,

22.1 Platform lifts and stair lifts

CSA B355:19 specifies minimum requirements for the design, construction, installation, and operation of platform lifts and stair lifts that provide barrier-free access for persons with limited mobility. ,

22.2 Passenger elevators

A passenger elevator is an elevator that is designed and constructed primarily to carry people.  ,

22.3 LULA

Limited use/limited application (LULA) is a power passenger elevator in which the use and application are limited by size, capacity, speed and rise.LULAs are also addressed in ASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19. ,

22.4 Firefighter elevators

Firefighter elevators are different from occupant evacuation elevators as they are under the control of a firefighter. Some building codes require firefighter elevators in high-rise buildings. Requirements for Firefighter Elevators are specified in subsection 3.2.6. of the National Building Code of Canada (NBC). Firefighter elevators are key controlled and firefighters control them from the main entry level of the building and from inside the elevator car.Firefighter elevators have automatic recall. If people are in an elevator when the alarm activates, the elevator will automatically take them to a safe floor, away from the fire, and then shut down with the doors open.Firefighter elevators can be used to evacuate an occupant. ,

22.5 Occupant Evacuation Elevator

Occupant evacuation elevators (OEE) elevators may also be known as Occupant evacuation operation (OEO). Occupant Evacuation Elevators are designed to be used for self-evacuation during an emergency.Occupant evacuation elevators are protected and may be used for evacuation independently by persons unable to evacuate via the exit stairs under emergency conditions. Technical requirements are provided in the ASME A17.1-2019/CSA B44:19 standard.

22.5.1 General requirements

Deployment of multiple communication channels and accessible formats to ensure emergency alerts and instructions are easily understood by persons with disabilities.

22.5.2 Emergency app for alerting and evacuation 

As timely and accurate information is crucial for everyone, especially for people with disabilities, an evacuation app specifically designed for people with disabilities can provide essential tools to respond effectively during emergencies.

22.5.3 Key features

Alerts and notifications: The app would deliver real-time alerts and notifications, offering immediate updates on emergencies like fires and natural disasters. It would convert text alerts into spoken words for people with vision disabilities and provide visual and vibrational alerts for people with hearing disabilities.Navigations: Navigation assistance would be enhanced through GPS and Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS), offering real-time location tracking and route guidance. Beacons and Bluetooth technology would help users navigate complex indoor environments, while Augmented Reality (AR) overlays would provide visual guidance.Personalized: The app would allow people with disabilities to create personalized emergency plans by inputting their specific needs and disabilities, ensuring tailored evacuation routes. It would also store critical medical information for first responders.Communication: Communication features would enable two-way communication with emergency services, allowing users to send pre-recorded messages to emergency contacts. Community and support networks within the app would allow users to share real-time information about hazards and safe routes.

22.5.4 Emergency alerts across Canadian provinces

Canada’s emergency alert system, Alert Ready, plays a critical role in disseminating emergency information to the public through various channels, including television, radio, and wireless devices. Each province adapts and supplements this system to address regional needs and enhance public safety. The Alert Ready system managed by Pelmorex Corp. facilitates that critical and life-saving alerts. 

22.5.5 Provincial implementations

22.5.5.1 Ontario

Voyent Alert System: The Municipality of Dutton Dunwich uses the Voyent Alert System, which provides tailored notifications through mobile apps, text messages, email, or voice calls. This system allows residents to receive relevant alerts based on tracked locations like schools or family homes, ensuring they receive relevant information during emergencies.Provincial tests: Ontario participates in national Alert Ready tests, which helps identify and resolve issues to improve system reliability. The province ensures regular testing and adjustments to enhance the system’s performance.

22.5.5.2 Alberta

Alberta Emergency Alert (AEA): Alberta uses the AEA system alongside Alert Ready. The AEA delivers notifications via radio, television, social media, and mobile devices. It provides real-time alerts for natural disasters and other emergencies. Residents can subscribe to alerts through the AEA website and mobile app for tailored notifications based on their location.

22.5.5.3 Quebec

Quebec Alert Ready: Quebec Alert Ready delivers emergency notifications in both French and English. The system uses multiple channels, including television, radio, and wireless devices, to ensure comprehensive coverage. Quebec also conducts regular public awareness campaigns to educate residents on the importance of emergency alerts and how to respond to them.

22.5.5.4 Manitoba

Manitoba Emergency Measures Organization (EMO): The province’s EMO collaborates with Alert Ready to provide timely alerts. Manitoba also utilizes local radio and television stations, as well as social media, to disseminate emergency information. The EMO emphasizes community preparedness and regularly updates its guidelines and resources for residents.

Note: Research findings from Accessibility Standards Canada’s Advancing Accessibility Standards Research Grants and Contributions Program informed the background research and development of this Standard. Related research reports are listed in the Bibliography below. ,

23.1 Acts

Government of Canada. S.C. 2019, c. 10. Accessible Canada Act https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-0.6/ Government of Canada. SOR/86-304. Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/page-1.html Alberta Government. S-1 RSA 2000. Safety Codes Act. ,

23.2 Standards and codes

EN 17210:2021 Accessibility and Usability of the Built Environment - Functional RequirementsISO/TS 18870:2024 Lifts (elevators) — Requirements for lifts used to assist in building evacuationISO 7001:2023 Graphical symbols— Registered Public information symbols ISO 7010:2019 Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs NFPA 72. 2019. National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeNIST Technical Note 1825. 2014. The Use of Elevators for Evacuation in Fire Emergencies in International BuildingsNIST Technical Note 1824. 2013. Guidance on Fire Emergency Procedures for Emergency Stair Travel Devices ,

23.3 Online resources

Accessibility Standards Canada, Accessible communication during COVID-19 and other emergencies: A guideline for federal organizations https://accessible.canada.ca/resources/emergency-communication-guidelines-federal-organizationsAccessibility Standards Canada, Creating accessibility standards https://accessible.canada.ca/creating-accessibility-standardsAccessibility Standards Canada, Creating an Accessible Emergency Response Plan: Guidelines for Federally Regulated Organizations https://accessible.canada.ca/resources/creating-accessible-emergency-response-plan-guidelinesAccessibility Standards Canada, Guidelines: Accessible service delivery during emergencies including COVID-19 https://accessible.canada.ca/resources/accessible-service-delivery-during-emergenciesAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA) https://www.ada.gov/ASQ, What is the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle? PDCA Cycle https://asq.org/quality-resources/pdca-cycle District of Columbia Public Schools/Office of Public Education Facilities Modernization, Guidelines for Developing an Emergency Evacuation Plan That Includes Individuals With Disabilities https://crcog.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Guidelines-for-Developing-an-Emergency-Evacuation-Plan-That-Includes-Individuals-With-Disabilities.pdf Fire Action, Fire Evacuation Procedures: Choosing an Assembly Point https://www.fireaction.co.uk/news/fire-evacuation-procedures-part-1-choosing-assembly-point/ Government of Canada, Get Prepared, Types of hazards and emergencies https://www.getprepared.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/pplwthdsblts/index-en.aspxLoyola University Maryland, Evacuation for Persons with Disabilities https://www.loyola.edu/department/emergency-preparedness/persons-with-disabilities Office of Disability Employment Policy, Preparing for Visitors with Disabilities during an Emergency https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep/publications/reports/preparing-for-visitors-with-disabilities-during-emergency Safety Info, Evacuation of Disabled Persons Planning Guide https://www.safetyinfo.com/emergency-ada-evacuation-disabled-free-index/ UC San Diego: Emergency Evacuation for People With Disabilities https://blink.ucsd.edu/safety/emergencies/preparedness/get-ready/disabilities.html#Know-what-to-do-during-an-evacuation University of Wisconsin-Madison, Emergency Evacuation Guidelines https://accessibility.fpm.wisc.edu/emergency-evacuation-guidelines/  ,

23.4 Publications

Accessibility Now. 2023. Mapping Our Cities for All.Betty Dion Enterprises Ltd. 2004. Fire Safety Strategies for People with Disabilities A PUBLIC EDUCATOR’S GUIDE.British Columbia Aboriginal Network on Disability Society. 2025. First Nations Accessibility Standards - A Path Forward to Inclusion.Canadian Association of the Deaf. 2023. Advancing Accessibility Standards for Deaf, Deaf-Blin and Hard of Hearing Canadians.Canadian Association of the Deaf. 2025. Quiet waves: Firsthand Experiences of Deaf, DeafBlind, and Hard of Hearing Individuals Reports of Barriers in Communication in the Built Environment.Canadian National Institute for the Blind. n.d. Clearing Our Path: Evidence-based guidelines on accessibility in the built environment for people living with sight loss.Carleton University. 2023. Informing Standards for Acoustics and the Built Environment.Carleton University. 2024. A Neurodivergent Lens: Recommended Practices for Neuroinclusivity.CSA Group. 2021. Advancing Accessibility Standards Research: Review of CSA Group Standards for Accessibility Adaptation.Dalhousie University. n.d. Mass Evacuation and People with Disabilities Final Report.Design For All Inc. 2023. Informing Standards Development for Federal Heritage Buildings: An Inclusive Iterative Process.Eyecandy SIGNS Incorporated. 2023. Advancing Communication through Signage and Wayfinding.First Nations Health Authority. 2025. A Journey Towards Accessibility – perspectives from first nations in British Columbia.First Nations National Building Officers Association. 2021. Indigenous Communities and Federal Accessibility Standards: A Situational Review.Hidden Mobility Disabilities Alliance Ltd. 2024. Ensuring Accessibility for Persons with HMD (Limited Mobility).Mawita’mk Society. 2024. Hearing Their Voices From Isolation to Self-Determination.McMaster University. 2021. Sustainable Environment Needs to be Accessible: Understanding the Knowledge Base for Accessibility of Buildings and the Built Environment.McMaster University. 2024. A Framework for Accessible Heritage Buildings & Structures Retrofits.National Fire Protection Association. 2022. Emergency Evacuation Planning Guide for Persons with Disabilities.Nunavummi Disabilities Makinnasuaqtiit Society. 2024. Advancing Accessibility Standards through Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit.Office for Disabilities Issues. 2009. Planning for Safety – Evacuating people who need assistance in an emergency.Ontario College of Art and Design University. 2025. Accessible Canada, Accessible World / Un Canada accessible, Un monde accessible.Quadrangle Architects Limited. 2024. Heritage for All.Realize. n.d. INDEED (INvestigating the DEvelopment of Accessibility Standards in Canada and the Inclusion/Exclusion of Episodic Disabilities.Sunnybrook Research Institute. 2025. Identifying priorities and developing collaborative action plans to improve accessible housing practice, policy, and research in Canada.Université Laval. 2024. AXC-Heritage-For a harmonious reconciliation between our heritage buildings and inclusive accessibility.University Health Network. 2021. Recommendations for Evacuating Individuals with Disabilities from the Built Environment.University Health Network. 2023. Recommendations for the Inclusion of Wayfinding Technologies in Canadian Accessibility Standards.University Health Network. 2024. A Park Accessibility Framework: Making National Parks Accessible to People with Disabilities.University of British Columbia. 2024. PARCOURS Parks for All. University of Fraser Valley. 2024. Evaluating Stakeholder Concerns About Proposed Single Egress Stairs Accessibility Standards Canada – Guidelines.